A root canal is a dental procedure designed to treat infection or damage within the tooth's pulp, which is the innermost part of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels. This treatment is often necessary when the pulp becomes inflamed or infected due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures on the tooth, cracks or chips, or trauma. The primary goal of a root canal is to eliminate the infection and preserve the tooth, preventing the need for extraction.
After the tooth is numb, the dentist places a rubber dam around the tooth to keep it dry and free from saliva. An access hole is then drilled into the tooth to reach the infected pulp. Using specialized instruments, the dentist carefully removes the infected or damaged pulp from the pulp chamber and root canals. The canals are then cleaned, disinfected, and shaped to prepare them for filling. This step is crucial to ensure that all bacteria and debris are eliminated to prevent further infection.
The root canal process begins with a thorough examination and diagnosis by a dentist or endodontist. This typically involves X-rays to assess the extent of the infection and to determine the shape and condition of the root canals. Once the need for a root canal is confirmed, the dentist administers local anesthesia to numb the affected area, ensuring the patient remains comfortable throughout the procedure.
Once the canals are thoroughly cleaned and shaped, they are filled with a biocompatible material, typically gutta-percha, and sealed with an adhesive cement to prevent reinfection. After the root canal procedure, a temporary filling is placed to close the access hole. In most cases, a follow-up visit is necessary to restore the tooth with a permanent filling or crown, which provides structural support and restores the tooth's function and appearance. The final restoration ensures that the tooth remains protected and functional for many years.
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